Stresses develop during sitting that become problematic if they are not reduced. For example, when sitting slouched, muscle activity is minimal but the passive tissues (ligaments and annulus of the disc) become stressed. The implications of prolonged loading on these structures is just beginning to be understood with the work of Dr. Solomonow showing the impact on proprioception. Specifically, prolonged loading results in back muscle spasms and diminishing reflex responses. Full flexion during slouched sitting increases disc annulus stresses; this posture has produced disc herniations in the lab (e.g., Wilder et al., 1988). In fact, Kelsey (1975) discovered a specific link between prolonged sitting and the incidence of herniation. On the other hand, sitting with an upright torso posture requires higher activation of the psoas and the back extensors (Juker et al., 1998) which impose higher compressive forces on the spine. A few strategies have been shown to be very helpful in reducing these stresses. The objective is make sitting a dynamic activity with frequent posture change. Changing lumbar postures causes a migration of the loads from one tissue to another.

Reduce the Risk. Make Sitting a Dynamic Task.

The ideal sitting posture is one that continually changes. The EmbraceAir and LumbAir dynamic sitting supports (shown below) use the latest science to ensure minimal stress on the low back tissues, and to provide for posture change. Using an inflatable bladder the user increases or decreases the lumbar support. This avoids the damaging flexed posture. The easy inflation/deflation pump facilitates easy pressure change to create regular posture change. More inflation is needed later in the day to accommodate the diurnal change in disc hydration (See detailed explanations in Dr, McGill's textbooks). Static back rests simply cannot provide these advantages.

Even with the dynamic sitting supports, those who have back pain exacerbated from sitting generally are able to reduce disc annulus stresses with the following exercise (shown below). Stand up out of the chair, reach for the ceiling, then push for the ceiling with the hands, then fully and deeply inhale. This process should take about half a minute. Gentle and progressive extension of the lumbar spine is achieved dispelling the accumulated stresses.

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